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According to foreign media(2021 hermes bags) reports, if the weather corresponds to your emotions, then the climate corresponds to your personality. Scientists often use this metaphor to explain the difference between "weather" and "climate".
In other words, weather is a short-term concept that describes the state of the atmosphere in a certain area within a limited period of time (in minutes, hours, days, or weeks), while climate describes the average weather over a long period of time trend. If you are interested in climate, it is best to learn some knowledge of geography: global climate is composed of regional climate. If you further decompose on this basis, you will find that as long as it is on a perceptible scale, there are certain differences in the climate at each location. This introduces the concept of "microclimate". This research theme has important implications for agriculture, conservation, wildlife management, and urban planning. Scale is important The climate is a bit like a tapestry. The overall picture is important, but the seemingly small details are also crucial. Environmental scientists define the term "microclimate" as "a collection of climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall, humidity, solar radiation) in a local area, usually close to the ground, and its spatial scale is directly related to ecological processes." For the second half of this definition, we will talk about it later. Point out to some researchers that, by definition, the microclimate must be different from the climate of the surrounding area. The picture shows the Santa Monica Mountains in California. It can be seen that the north and south slopes are covered by different plants. The picture shows the Santa Monica Mountains in California. It can be seen that the north and south slopes are covered by different plants. Forest provides us with some excellent examples. In tropical rainforests, the climate close to the ground is completely different from the climate at the canopy 50 meters above. It is precisely because of this vertical difference and other factors that tropical regions can achieve such amazing biodiversity. Similarly, during a partial solar eclipse in 2015, scientists observed that the temperature change in a grassland in Eastern Europe was more significant than that in nearby forests. This is because not only can trees provide shade, the leaves also reflect solar radiation, and forests can often slow down wind speed. A 2019 study of 98 forests distributed on five continents found that the temperature in the forest is 4 degrees Celsius lower than the surrounding area on average. People who are afraid of cold don't have to worry. The study also pointed out that in winter, the temperature in the forest is 1 degree Celsius higher than the outside environment on average, which is quite comfortable and pleasant. the life of bugs To what extent is the scope of the microenvironment so large that it cannot be described by the word "micro"? In other words, is there an upper limit on the scale of the microenvironment? Different scientists have different answers to this. On a horizontal scale, some people will define a ‘microenvironment’ as any environment within an area less than 100 meters in diameter. If you want to understand the effect of temperature on the photosynthesis of a certain leaf, you should measure the temperature on a centimeter scale. If you want to understand the effect of temperature on the habitat selection of a certain large mammal, it is best to measure tens to several. The temperature difference within 100 meters. For example, a plant that grows alone can produce a very small microenvironment. A single corn plant can create its own microenvironment by shading and changing the characteristics of the soil near the plant. If it is a corn field, the micro-environment range generated will be larger, extending to the entire field. Many creatures will use these small microenvironments to survive, such as aphids and red spiders. Compared with the leaves they feed on, these creatures appear extremely small. Each leaf has its own microenvironment. Observations show that aphids prefer cooler leaves, while other invertebrates prefer warm leaves. Since the bodies of these organisms are unable to generate heat by themselves, the microenvironment of the leaves plays a vital role in their survival. Microenvironment on a large scale The urban heat island effect is an excellent example of microenvironment. The urban heat island effect is an excellent example of microenvironment. From a macro perspective, the earth is going through a difficult period. The global temperature continues to rise, and nine of the 10 hottest years in history have occurred since 2005. In addition, a recent estimate shows that there are about 1 million species in the world that are on the brink of extinction due to human activities. Ecologists and environmental scientists are working hard to answer a key question: How will each species and the entire ecosystem respond in the face of rapid climate change and rapid habitat loss? The microenvironment is a key part of this research. If we do not measure and understand the environment on the right scale, it will be much more difficult to predict future changes. Developers have long been aware of the impact of small-scale climate on people's daily lives. The urban heat island effect is one such example. The water vapor emitted by plants can regulate the local climate. But in cities, natural vegetation is often scarce. Not only that, many pavements and buildings are also very good at absorbing or re-emitting heat from the sun. Motor vehicle emissions make the situation worse. However, big cities are not just a simple heating plate. The temperature difference recorded in the same city can sometimes be as high as 8.3 to 11.1 degrees Celsius. In this regard, the parks and trees in the city come in handy. They have a good cooling effect on the surrounding environment. Several cities around the world have formulated plans to increase urban green space. Tree planting projects and rooftop green planting projects can lower the city’s surface temperature, reduce air pollution, and reduce surface runoff.
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